- YBJ 224-91 — Technical Specification for Mass Concrete Construction of Block Foundations
- GB 50496-2009 — Code for Construction of Mass Concrete (Superseded)
- JTS 202-1-2010 — Technical Specification for Temperature Crack Control of Mass Concrete for Port and Waterway Engineering (Superseded)
- GB/T 51028-2015 — Technical Code for Temperature Measurement and Control of Mass Concrete
- GB 50496-2018 — Standard for Construction of Mass Concrete (Current)
- JTS/T 236-2019 — Technical Specification for Concrete Testing of Port and Waterway Engineering
- GB/T 51025-2016 — Technical Code for Seamless Construction of Super-Large-Area Concrete Floor
- JTS/T 202-1-2022 — Technical Specification for Temperature Crack Control of Mass Concrete for Port and Waterway Engineering (Current)
Of these eight standards, only five contain dedicated chapters on temperature monitoring procedures. The remaining three either lack standalone field monitoring chapters or are materials testing standards. Below is a one-by-one breakdown.
1. YBJ 224-91 — Metallurgy Block Foundation Standard
For blast furnace, coke oven, and large chimney block foundations > 1,000 m³. Strict limits: max temperature rise ≤ 35 ℃, core-surface differential ≤ 25 ℃, cooling rate ≤ 1.5 ℃/d. Monitoring: placement temp ≥ 2 times/shift, differential ≥ 2 times/day.
2. GB 50496-2009 — Previous Building Code (Superseded)
Chapter 6 covers field monitoring. Frequency: ≥ 4 times/day for differential and cooling rate. Sensors: error ≤ 0.3 ℃, range -30 ℃~150 ℃. Thickness spacing ≤ 600 mm.
3. JTS 202-1-2010 — Water Transport (Superseded)
Adds strain and cooling water temperature monitoring. Heating phase: every 2-4 h. Cooling phase: 2-4 times/day. Duration: temp ≥ 20 d, strain ≥ 60 d.
4. GB/T 51028-2015 — Temperature Measurement & Control
Unique requirement: sample temperature-time curve testing before construction. Sample container: diameter 300 mm, thermal resistance ≥ 8.0 m²·K/W. Recording ≥ 5 days. Field sensors ≥ 50 points.
5. GB 50496-2018 — Current Building Code
The most widely used version. Key changes from 2009: range reduced to 120 ℃, thickness spacing tightened to ≤ 500 mm, added strain resolution requirement (≤ 5 με).
6. JTS/T 236-2019 — Materials Testing Standard
This is a materials and field testing standard for water transport concrete — no dedicated mass concrete temperature monitoring chapter. Use JTS/T 202-1-2022 for field monitoring.
7. GB/T 51025-2016 — Super-Large-Area Floor
For seamless super-large-area concrete floors. Monitoring frequency is early-intensive: every 4 h (days 1-3), every 8 h (days 4-7), every 12 h (after day 7). Surface sensor: 20-40 mm inside.
8. JTS/T 202-1-2022 — Current Water Transport Code
Implemented June 1, 2022. Encourages automatic acquisition and wireless transmission. Duration: temp ≥ 14 d, strain ≥ 60 d. Tiered cooling rate: ≤ 3 ℃/d (within 7 d), ≤ 2 ℃/d (after 7 d). Added wind speed and humidity monitoring.
Horizontal Comparison
| Standard | Frequency | Sensor Spacing | Error | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| YBJ 224-91 | ≥ 2/day | ≥ 5 points | — | — |
| GB 50496-2009 | ≥ 4/day | ≤ 600 mm | ≤ 0.3 ℃ | — |
| JTS 202-1-2010 | 2-4 h / 2-4/day | Max temp, surface, gradient | ≤ 0.3 ℃ | Temp ≥ 20 d |
| GB/T 51028-2015 | Field details unpublished | ≥ 50 points | 0.5 ℃ (sample) | Sample ≥ 5 d |
| GB 50496-2018 | ≥ 4/day | ≤ 500 mm | ≤ 0.3 ℃ | — |
| JTS/T 236-2019 | No field monitoring chapter | — | — | — |
| GB/T 51025-2016 | Every 4-12 h (phased) | Center ≥ 3 points | — | Stop when diff < 20 ℃ |
| JTS/T 202-1-2022 | Auto acquisition | Max temp, gradient | — | Temp ≥ 14 d |
Quick Selection Guide by Project Type
| Project Type | Primary Standard |
|---|---|
| Cross-sea bridge | JTS/T 202-1-2022 |
| High-rise building | GB 50496-2018 |
| Hydropower station | DL/T 5144-2015 (none of the 8 apply) |
| Financial plaza | GB 50496-2018 + GB/T 51025-2016 |
| Exhibition center | GB/T 51025-2016 + GB 50496-2018 |
| Highway (bridges) | JTG/T 3650-2020 + GB 50496-2018 |
| Hospital | GB 50496-2018 + YBJ 224-91 |
| High-speed rail | Q/CR 9207-2017 + TB 10752-2018 |
| Offshore wind | JTS/T 202-1-2022 |
| Tunnel | JTG F60-2009 / Q/CR 9207-2017 |
| Metro | GB 50496-2018 + GB/T 51025-2016 |
| Airport | MH 5006-2015 (pavement) + GB 50496-2018 (terminal) |
| Canyon bridge | GB 50496-2018 + JTG/T 3650-2020 |
| Extreme railway | TB 10424-2018 + Q/CR 9207-2017 |
Three Common Pitfalls
1. Surface sensor position varies
GB 50496: 50 mm inside. GB/T 51025: 20-40 mm inside. Don't mix them — they apply to different structure types.
2. Cooling rate limits differ
YBJ 224-91: ≤ 1.5 ℃/d; GB 50496: ≤ 2.0 ℃/d; JTS/T 202-1-2022: tiered (≤ 3 ℃/d within 7 d, ≤ 2 ℃/d after).
3. Mandatory vs. recommended
GB 50496 is mandatory national; JTS/T 202-1-2022 and GB/T standards are recommended. When conflicts arise, follow the mandatory standard or the strictest clause at equal level.
💡 Selection Rule of Thumb
Building raft → GB 50496-2018; Dock/wharf → JTS/T 202-1-2022; Super-large floor → GB/T 51025-2016; Dam → Electric power industry standards (none of the 8 apply). Multiple standards may apply to different parts of the same project.
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